Author: SarahLBoyd

If you are planning to make a refugee claim at the airport in Canada

DO

Before flying to Canada

  • Tell a friend or family member in Canada when you are coming, so someone is aware if you don’t make contact
  • Make good-quality scans of all your important documents, and save them to a cloud platform or send them to someone you trust
  • You may be asked to answer questions without access to an electronic device (because it has been seized, or you do not have signal or power), so please, carry with you hardcopies of:
    • Your visa or immigration application or eTA
    • Any arrangements you have made for your stay (flights, hotels, events, invitation letters, etc)
    • Contact information for friends, family, or associates in Canada
  • If you cannot travel with them, arrange to have any other original identity documents sent by secure mail to someone you trust in Canada
  • Do not destroy any travel documents – real or false – before arrival

Upon arrival

  • Tell the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) officers that you are making a refugee claimeven if they are checking people as they get off the plane, or even on the plane if it has landed
  • Tell them if you need an interpreter, and what specific language and dialect interpreter you need – if at any point you do not understand the interpreter, you must say so!
  • Try to be pleasant, patient, and cooperative, but know your rights and insist on them
  • Ask to be allowed to recover your luggage, or have CBSA recover your luggage, as this usually comes after making the claim and sometimes the airline has put it aside
  • If you would be more comfortable, ask to be interviewed by an officer of the same sex/gender
  • Expect to wait a long time for your identity to be verified and the paperwork to be done so you can be released
  • Expect to be photographed and fingerprinted
  • Expect to have your identity documents seized
    • CBSA must give you a certified copy, and a “Notice of Seizure” for each document
  • Tell the officials if you are hungry, thirsty, have to use the washroom or have any medical needs
    • At various points you will be asked about whether you have any medical issues – no medical issue will be held against you in a refugee claim, so be honest
  • Tell the truth about who you know in Canada and who you plan to stay with (if anyone)
  • Be very clear about names and family relationships – terms like “aunt”/”uncle” and “brother”/”sister” do not always translate properly
  • If asked to write out the reason you are making a refugee claim in your own language, include the fact that it is a summary, that you do not have access to any documents, and note where you are not sure about dates or details
  • Be honest – but also explain that you do not know the answer if you do not know – when asked about how you traveled to Canada, what documents were used, and how arrangements were made
    • Under most circumstances, a refugee cannot be punished for using improper means to reach safety as long as they are truthful about it as soon as they know they are safe

NOTE: CBSA cannot release you until they are satisfied about your identity. In some cases, this may mean that they feel they have to detain you until, for example, they are able to receive your genuine identity documents. This is unpleasant, but it does not change the fact that you are a refugee claimant. You will be fed and housed. You will receive medical treatment where necessary. Your detention will be reviewed by a tribunal within 48 hours, 7 days, and 30 days, and then every 30 days. You will be allowed to continue your refugee claim.

DON’T

  • Be intimidated by CBSA uniforms
  • Lie to CBSA officials
  • Try to bribe CBSA officials – this is a serious crime in Canada
  • Destroy identity documents
  • Take advice from interpreters (unless they are interpreting for a lawyer or other authorized representative) or human smugglers
  • Agree that information is correct when it isn’t
  • Give incomplete answers in order to try to make the process faster or more simple
  • Say that you understand an interpreter when you don’t
  • Sign anything you don’t understand

Resources

If you are traveling to Toronto by air

If you are not a Canadian citizen, and you are traveling to Canada by air, and landing in Toronto, here are some tips and resources for you! (You may also wish to read over “If you are planning to make a refugee claim at the airport in Canada“)

DO

Before flying to Canada

  • Tell a friend or family member in Canada when you are coming, so someone is aware if you don’t make contact
  • Make good-quality scans of all your important documents, and save them to a cloud platform or send them to someone you trust
  • You may be asked to answer questions without access to an electronic device (because it has been seized, or you do not have signal or power), so please, carry with you hardcopies of:
    • Your visa or immigration application or eTA
    • Any arrangements you have made for your stay (flights, hotels, events, invitation letters, etc)
    • Contact information for friends, family, or associates in Canada
  • Do not destroy any travel documents – real or false – before arrival

Upon arrival

  • Don’t be nervous about being questioned by Canada Border Services Agency
  • Tell them if you need an interpreter, and what specific language and dialect interpreter you need – if at any point you do not understand the interpreter, you must say so!
  • Try to be pleasant, patient, and cooperative, but know your rights and insist on them
  • Ask to be allowed to recover your luggage, or have CBSA recover your luggage
  • If you would be more comfortable, ask to be interviewed by an officer of the same sex/gender
  • Expect to wait a long time for your identity to be verified and the paperwork to be done
  • Tell the officials if you are hungry, thirsty, have to use the washroom or have any medical needs
  • Tell the truth about who you know in Canada and who you plan to stay with (if anyone)
  • Be very clear about names and family relationships – terms like “aunt”/”uncle” and “brother”/”sister” do not always translate properly
  • Be honest – but also explain that you do not know the answer if you do not know – when asked about how you traveled to Canada, what documents were used, and how arrangements were made

DON’T

  • Be intimidated by CBSA uniforms
  • Lie to CBSA officials
  • Try to bribe CBSA officials – this is a serious crime in Canada
  • Destroy identity documents
  • Take advice from interpreters (unless they are interpreting for a lawyer or other authorized representative) or human smugglers
  • Agree that information is correct when it isn’t
  • Give incomplete answers in order to try to make the process faster or more simple
  • Say that you understand an interpreter when you don’t
  • Sign anything you don’t understand

Resources

  • Customs and immigration information from the Toronto Pearson airport website
  • Information about the Advance Declaration program, which is available at some airports in Canada (Vancouver International Airport (YVR); Toronto Pearson International Airport (YYZ) (Terminals 1 and 3); Montréal-Trudeau International Airport (YUL); Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport (YWG); Halifax Stanfield International Airport (YHZ); Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport (YQB); Calgary International Airport (YYC); Ottawa International Airport (YOW); Edmonton International Airport (YEG); Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport (YTZ))

Social Enterprise/Community Benefit Holiday Shopping

International

MADE51, Online (ships from US, Hong Kong, Netherlands)

  • Site: https://shop.made51.org/
  • Products: Handicrafts
  • Benefits: Marketplace for products made by refugees in collaboration with social enterprises

UNHCR country operations identify groups of refugees with artisanal skills and potential, or interests. We link these groups with social enterprises in the artisan sector that work in or near the refugees’ communities.

Together, refugees and social enterprises develop unique product lines that make up the ‘MADE51 Collection’. Social enterprises sell these products alongside their existing collections and manage orders, production, and logistics.

We help foster successful, sustainable collaborations by offering seed funding, technical support, and a global marketing platform for the refugee-made products. MADE51 also facilitates large orders and bespoke product collaborations with retailers.

National

Amnesty International (Canada), Online

Just Us! Coffee Roasters, Online (also has locations in Nova Scotia)

  • Site: https://justuscoffee.com/
  • Products: Coffee, tea, accessories, sweets
  • Benefits: Worker co-operative with focus on sustainability

Refugee Marketplace, Online

Refugee Marketplace, as part of Jumpstart Refugee Talent, empowers refugee entrepreneurs by providing them with resources and support to establish and expand their small businesses within the market. As a Canadian non-profit dedicated to the economic empowerment of refugees, Jumpstart is proud to launch this online platform open to refugee entrepreneurs from across the globe.

Rescue Coffee Co., Online (and available at locations in NB, NS, PEI)

  • Site: https://rescuecoffeeco.com/
  • Products: coffee beans and accessories
  • Benefit: fair trade coffee, and a share of proceeds support animal shelters

Here at Rescue Coffee Co., we are devoted to making a paw-sitive impact on the communities we serve, by enriching the lives of both the humans that produce our coffee, and the animals that benefit from our rescue efforts. Each cup of coffee we create contributes to the welfare and wellbeing of our coffee farmers and producers, and to our furry friends that benefit from the efforts of the rescue organizations that we support!

We offer Premium, Fair-Trade, Organic coffee roasts that are created by providing safe, healthy and fair working conditions for our farmers and producers. In addition to that, we donate 10% of our profits semi-annually to organizations that rescue animals in need.

Shop For Good, Online (Pickering)

  • Site: https://shopforgood.ca/
  • Products: online print shop, gifts
  • Benefits: run by and primarily benefits the Women’s Multicultural Resource & Counselling Centre of Durham, but marketplace items from different local charities

Shop for Good (www.ShopforGood.ca) is a digital social enterprise operated by the Women’s Multicultural Resource & Counselling Centre of Durham. Shop for Good is an online art and crafts marketplace for WMRCC community members, other Canadian charities and nonprofit organizations, and individuals from underrepresented communities. It allows charities and individuals (primarily underrepresented communities including women, immigrants, people with disabilities and individuals experiencing poverty) to sell their handmade goods online.

Ontario

Fleurish, Barrie

As a Social Enterprise, our mission is to not only provide beautiful floral arrangements and products to our community, but to orchestrate a paid transitional work experience that empowers women to find personal success. We utilize our floral shop as the foundation for hands-on learning, to assist each individual in developing and practicing work-readiness skills that will help them find meaningful and gainful employment. This is accomplished by supporting their needs, providing hands-on skills training and confidence building, as well as establishing a safe and therapeutic work environment conducive to growth and development.

541 Eatery & Exchange, Hamilton

  • Site: https://www.fivefortyone.ca/
  • Products: cafe, food, and catering, offers gift cards
  • Benefits: meals can be “paid forward”, and business offers support and space for community programs

541 Eatery & Exchange is a non-profit pay-it-forward cafe working to help our neighbours overcome the impacts of isolation, poverty, and injustice by cultivating a community of mutuality in our neighbourhood. Inspired by our Christian values, we are dedicated to welcoming all our neighbours inclusive of their circumstances, identity, and status.

Daymaker Coffee Roasters, Mississauga

  • Site: https://daymakercoffeeroasters.ca/
  • Products: coffee beans
  • Benefits: 3.21% of every sale goes to supports for people living with Downs Syndrome, and for one select blend, 25% of sales supports Canadian Down Syndrome Society

Studio.89, Mississauga

  • Site: https://studio89.org/
  • Products: cafe, food, and catering (pick up only), social media indicates they offer gift cards
  • Benefits: focus on ethical and sustainable products and community support

Studio.89 is a non-profit fair trade, vegan cafe and community hub. We partner with local organizations and schools to empower marginalized youth through leadership training and educational workshops and programs. We also provide a free community space to local organizers. Studio.89 encourages community dialogue, interculturalism, artistic expression, and conscious consumerism with a specific focus on youth leadership development. Our social enterprise aims to benefit humans, animals, and the planet.

Camino Co-Op/La Siembra Co-operative, Ottawa

  • Site: https://camino.ca/
  • Products: chocolate and coco-based products and related
  • Benefits: Fair Trade importer and marketer worker-owned co-operative

We established our organization La Siembra as a worker co-operative back in 1999. Our co-op became the first registered importers of Fairtrade Certified cocoa and sugar in North America and today we work with 25 producer co-ops, supporting more than 47,500 family farmers in 14 countries.

Pomp & Sass, Oakville

  • Site: https://pompandsass.ca/
  • Products: hand-woven towels and other textile items
  • Benefits: Woman-owned business with focus on sustainability; portion of profits goes to Canadian Women’s Foundation

Dispatch Coffee, Toronto location (based in Montreal)

Buy a Pair, Give a Pair (of socks), Province of Canada, Toronto and online

  • Site: https://provinceofcanada.com/pages/1-for-1-socks
  • Products: Socks (shop also has other apparel and accessories
  • Benefits: shop sells Canadian-made and sustainable products; in this program, for every pair of socks / slipper socks purchased, a pair is donated to one of several homeless shelters with whom they work

Black Creek Community Farm, Toronto

Double Take Thrift Store, Toronto

  • Site: https://doubletakeysm.ca/
  • Products: Vintage/thrifted apparel (with some accessories/footwear and housewares) as well as upcycled designs; holds workshops
  • Benefits: Social enterprise of Yonge Street Mission, including providing work placement positions

Ethical Local Market, Toronto

  • Site: https://ethicallocalmarket.com/
  • Products: Gifts, food, housewares, clothing
  • Benefits: Carries products from a number of local, fair-trade or eco-friendly vendors; sales also support Progoti, an ethical apparel brand

Good Intentions, Toronto

Pretty Clean Shop, Toronto

  • Site: https://www.prettycleanshop.com/
  • Products: Refills of (and reusable containers for) home and bath/body products; also gifts and housewares
  • Benefits: Focus on sustainable and Canadian-made products

She Sells Sanctuary Boutique, Toronto

  • Site: https://shesellssanctuaryboutique.ca/
  • Products: Gifts, art, housewares
  • Benefits: Goods from overseas are curated by owners to ensure fair trade and benefit vulnerable populations in Asia; other goods sourced from local (Canadian) producers

The 519 (Catering), Toronto

Cheekbone Beauty, St. Catharines

  • Site: https://www.cheekbonebeauty.com/
  • Products: Cosmetics
  • Benefits: Supports multiple, largely Indigenous-focused charities and has its own scholarship program

Quebec

Dispatch Coffee, Montreal

British Colombia

Craft Connection, Nelson

The Craft Connection is an artist co-op that opened in 1983. There are 6 working artists (members) that run the inside dealings of the store and sell their work in it. We also maintain a staff of four that keep the store looking great and are here to help you find what you need. There are over 250 consignee artists supported by our store that are mostly from around the Kootenay area, some from BC and a few from other parts of Canada. We have the largest selection of high standard craft that you will find.

East Van Roasters, Vancouver

We work to create and provide meaningful employment opportunities in a dignified and compassionate work environment for at-risk people living in the [Downtown East Side]. We work to challenge the stigma associated with drug addiction and lift up the people involved in our social enterprises through mentorship-based immersion in meaningful work. To nourish our community with excellent coffee, chocolate and baked goods.

Budgie Box Gift Co., Vancouver

  • Site: https://www.budgiebox.ca/
  • Products: prepared and customizable gift boxes
  • Benefits: Small businesses and other social enterprises

BudgieBox sources high-quality goods from ethical Canadian small businesses that have incredible stories of resilience. creativity, optimism. and dedication to giving back to the community. Each gift box showcases wonderful products and the stories of the small businesses behind and a handwritten card to make the recipient feel extra cared for.
BudgieBox’s mission is to bring joy to everyone that receives one and to bridge a stronger and meaningful connection between the recipient and the wonderful small businesses behind the products inside.

Obakki, Vancouver

  • Site: https://obakki.com/
  • Products: Housewares, textiles and accessories
  • Benefits: Ethical compensation and assistance for international artisans

The Obakki Foundation exists to ensure that our artisans have access to basic needs and the opportunity to grow, thrive and provide for their own communities. Over half of our artisans receive support from the foundation––with over 30 years of proven results, and over 4 million people impacted, it truly is the beating heart of Obakki.

Second Hand Hope/Soap for Hope Canada, Victoria

  • Site: https://secondhandhope.ca/
  • Products: second hand (mostly) clothing and repurposed soap products, mainly sourced from hotels
  • Benefits: distributes second-hand goods and hygiene products to vulnerable and low-income households

Soap for Hope Canada is dedicated to eradicating hygiene poverty by providing access to essential hygiene products and clean linens to vulnerable people: from Children to Seniors, to low-income Families, Refugees, Indigenous Communities, Homeless people, and people in evacuation centers for fires and floods.

Soap for Hope Canada primarily works with the hotel industry, collecting gently used hygiene products, linens, and lost & found items. We repurpose these items and distribute them to vulnerable people through Community Facilities or sell them in our thrift store at affordable prices.

Alberta

Local Laundry, Calgary

  • Site: https://locallaundry.ca/
  • Products: Clothing and accessories
  • Benefits: Canadian made, benefits a variety of charities, particularly the “Giving Garments” line

Through our Giving Garments™ program, we have donated over 10,000 essential items to shelters in need, providing warmth and comfort to those who need it most. With each purchase of a Giving Garment™, you’re not only treating yourself to a cozy new accessory, but you’re also making a tangible difference in someone else’s life.

But our commitment to giving back doesn’t stop there. We strive to make our Giving Garments™ with eco-friendly materials, which helps reduce our environmental impact and supports our mission to use business as a force for good.

for KINGDOM & SPARROW, Online/Calgary

  • Site: https://www.forkingdomandsparrow.ca/
  • Products: Clothing and accessories
  • Benefits: locally produced/finished clothing and accessories, funding and participating in job training for vulnerable women

The women we support are overcoming challenges such as sexual exploitation, domestic violence, addictions, homelessness. Many are single moms, young women exiting foster care, or women working to break free from cycles of poverty. We partner with local agencies to connect with those who could benefit most from job training and mentorship.

Our Trainings include:

Job Readiness Training — helping women identify strengths, build resumes, and grow job application confidence.
Print Shop Apprenticeship — hands-on training in screen printing, time management, product quality control, and event preparation, giving women practical skills and mentorship in a supportive environment.

Manitoba

Upbeat Artworks, Winnipeg

Established in 2004, Artbeat Studio is the first of its kind in Manitoba and stems from one family’s personal experience with mental illness. Nigel Bart, founder and longtime studio facilitator of Artbeat Studio (now retired), was diagnosed with schizophrenia at the age of 19 and has since used various forms of art to help with recovery from the illness and the stigma that surrounds it. His family wished to bring that access to the arts and the related mental health benefits to others, and so founded this organization.

Nova Scotia

Glitter Bean Cafe, Halifax

Glitter Bean Cafe rose as an alternative to working in an unfair work environment under private ownership. Workers who lost their jobs banded together to form a worker co-op and breathe life back into our much-loved, cozy cafe. We remain unionized with SEIU 2, a victory won by cafe workers in 2013. Glitter Bean exists to provide employment and community space that affirms the dignity, wellness, and joy of queer, BIPOC and equity-deserving communities. We are collectively owned and democratically governed by our workers who are majority queer and queer folks of color. Our little business is unique and strives to be values-based, heart-forward, and relational.

Countries Which Accept Canadian Refugee Travel Documents (CRTD)

United States

  • CRTD accepted
  • Visa required
  • Checked 2025-06-05

Germany

  • CRTD accepted
  • No separate visa required for visits of up to 90 days
  • See German Government site
  • Checked 2025-06-05

Mexico

  • CRTD accepted
  • Visas required unless you are also a Canadian PR
  • See Mexican Consulate site
  • Checked 2025-06-05

Italy

  • CRTD accepted
  • No separate visa required for visits of up to 90 days
  • See Italian Consulate site
  • Checked 2025-06-05

United Kingdom

France

Free Online English Learning Resources

Canadian Content

Free Open Online Courses

Coursera

edX (audit courses for free)

The Open University (UK)

Other Resources

Other Resources and In-Person / Hybrid Classes

The first step for choosing a program, especially, community-funded programs is usually an assessment.

School Boards and Settlement Agencies in Ontario

Applying for Social Assistance in Toronto – Spanish, Tamil, and other languages

The City of Toronto offers an information sheet in multiple languages:

The Spanish and Tamil versions are also archived below:

Bilingual (Spanish/English) Legal Aid Ontario Consent Form

LAO routinely requests that clients sign a consent form – titled “Applicant – Consent to Inspect Documents and Records” – either online or in hardcopy before they will continue coverage of legal services. While we certainly review the rights and duties of a person covered by LAO with our clients, we thought it would be helpful to produce a bilingual version of the letter, in English and Spanish, for reference.